Why did many homesteaders find it difficult to acquired good land in the West

The historical backdrop of the United States demonstrates that the Americans can be considered as an extremely incredible country, since they adapted to such huge numbers of difficulties on their approach to progress. At the center of the nineteenth century till its end, heaps of homesteaders confronted indeed the very same issue †they couldn't get great land in the West. Publicizing We will compose a custom exposition test on Why did numerous homesteaders think that its hard to obtained great land in the West? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More when in doubt, such challenges showed up on account of one report that was marked by Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862, known as the Homestead Act. Truth be told, the House of Representatives passed the demonstration concerning the matter of estate enactment for multiple times before the Homestead Act in 1852, 1854, and 1859. Be that as it may, none of those endeavors was effective. This is the reason numerous expectati ons were associated with the last demonstration: homesteaders really accepted that they got a chance to build up their ranches and get benefits. Sadly, the states of the Homestead Act were not that fruitful for the homesteaders: it turned out to be increasingly hard to track down and purchase great land in the entire region of the West. So as to discover what made the challenges for the homesteaders purchase great land, it is important to clear up what the states of The Homestead Act were. The states of that demonstration were somewhat frustrating for some homesteaders, in light of the fact that numerous difficulties were en route to getting extremely beneficial land: above all else, an application must be recorded, where an individual, who was not conceived in the United States of America, asserted for 160 sections of land of Government land; also, the individual, who got the land, needed to live on that land and improve it during 5 years; lastly, following 5 years, the homesteader should petition for a patent and demonstrate that the land was improved. Just in the event that, each one of those means were passed effectively, the land could be purchased. Mulling over these conditions, it is conceivable to state that such land estimation and high evaluating were focused on Government producing yet not at empowering settlements. Shockingly, numerous homesteaders simply didn't have a thought of how to improve or if nothing else start their business, this is the reason the main thing they needed to do is to document claims, work, and pause. Publicizing Looking for exposition on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the start of 1863, loads of pioneers begins populating the terrains in the West: they assembled towns and schools so as to advance the essential development of the nation. So as to show signs of improvement land, a great deal of homesteaders were anxious to contend and utilize all their m oney related stores. The procedure of industrialization made loads of individuals to ponder their future however not about their present. On the off chance that an individual needed to make certain progress, he/she should buckle down for some timeframe, and with time, watch results and appreciate the benefits. This is the reason the procedure of industrialization may fill in as one more explanation of why such a significant number of homesteaders couldn't procure great land in the West. All in all, the troubles, most by far of homesteaders confronted with while procuring the great land in the West, are brought about by two reasons: one of them is the procedure of industrialization that was spread over the United States of America toward the finish of the nineteenth century, and another explanation is the states of the Homestead Act of 1862. Toward the start, it was too hard to even think about buying any real estate parcel due to high estimating and harms after the wars, and with ti me, people’s rivalries turned into another test of the Americans. This article on Why did numerous homesteaders think that its hard to obtained great land in the West? was composed and presented by client Dominik Pittman to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

My Goal in Life Essay

At 8 years old we alter our perspectives on what we need to do when we grow up consistently. At the 18 and a couple of months from graduating a few of us still don’t realize what we need to do or where we need to go throughout everyday life. Barring those prospective secondary school graduates, I definitely comprehend what I need to do after high and know where I need to go. Since the age of 10, I’ve consistently longed for being a cop. I cannot see myself doing something besides watching the boulevards and protecting individuals. Subsequent to graduating secondary school, Im going to attend a university for at any rate four years. At the point when my four years is done and after I turn twenty-one, I’m going to join the police institute. Im going to try sincerely and take the necessary steps to get in and breeze through the entirety of my assessments. I will probably be the best police office on the power. At the point when the opportunity arrives following a few years of watching, I couldn't imagine anything better than to stir my way up to be a specialist or possibly be an individual from the SWAT group. I know many individuals may question me and many individuals may state, â€Å"A young lady like you can’t carry out a responsibility like that.† yet I will refute them. I need to have the option to state â€Å"I did it† rather than â€Å"I tried,† Failing isn't an alternative, the key is to never surrender and propel yourself to the extent you can go.

Marketing Strategies for Tesco

Question: Talk about the present position, customer issue with Tesco and provider chain the board framework. Answer: Presentation This report has been set up to recognize the customer issue with Tesco that was set up in the UK in 1919. It is one of the main and greatest retail locations in the UK. The organization esteems the clients and continually progress in the direction of creating quality administrations. Tesco continues with the operational exercises in excess of 14 nations. Clients are likewise offered online basic food item benefits through which the best administrations are rendered. Procedure plan of the organization incorporates creative plans and particular operational exercises, which improves the nature of the work (Tesco PLC, 2013). Current situation of Tesco Tescos operational administration has been to offer quality administrations to the customers at the low cost. Client maintenances are finished by reliability card reward framework, and successfully taking care of the flexibly chain the board framework. So as to continue the intense rivalry, the organization has examined the hazard and multifaceted nature inside the business. Through successful arranging and execution process, the administration has endeavored to overwhelm the difficulties that sway the business execution. The store works in 4 unique models like Tesco express, Tesco Metro, Tesco Superstructure and Tesco extra. Through such administrations the stores expect to offer the most ideal administrations to the customers (Karolefski, 2005). Structure The store works from various pieces of the world. The prime target of the store is to deal with the customers prerequisites on an opportune way. So as to hold the customers, the store offers various kinds of reliability benefits which incorporate club cards. Tesco has confidence in target limited time exercises, which is done to render snappy and dependable administrations to the clients. This likewise helps in overwhelming the moves identified with rivalry. The organization is known for the powerful conveyance framework which gives greatest advantages to the customers (Peart, 2010). Customer issue with Tesco The administration of the organization puts stock in improving the qualities for the clients. The serious issue with the administration is to render quality administrations to meet the desires for the customers from various pieces of the world. Challenge emerges because of increment in the opposition level, and changing desires for the customer. The progressions with the quality are relied upon to be presented by improving the nature of administrations gave to the customers at present. Customer issue is constantly identified with the quality and sharing of exact data with the purchasers. The difficulties has been dissected and the restorative measures are presented for holding the customers for the organization. A portion of the issue looked by the organization incorporates sharing exact data, breaking down the desires for the customers, and updating the quality administrations (Ruback, 2006). Situational investigation The situational investigation is directed by assessing various elements that could influence the exhibition of the organization. Through this procedure, the inner and outside components affecting the business exercises are examined by the administration (Mills, 2002). SWOT Qualities Shortcomings Increment in the piece of the overall industry Difficulties looked in the worldwide market Increment in the business esteem Significant reliance on the UK market and systems for rendering the better administrations to the customers. Opened new branches Capital use programs improve the flexibly chain the executives framework for the customers Necessities to chip away at improving the visit of the organization in the global market Increment the client worth and render the best administrations Openings Dangers Increment in the non-nourishment retail Auxiliary change in UK can influence the business Spread mindfulness about wellbeing nourishment and magnificence items increment in the opposition Plans to develop in the worldwide market Costly worldwide development Advertising Mix The advertising blend is one of the significant apparatuses through which the difficulties engaged with the client approach and deals improvement can be viably taken care of by the association. 7 ps are broke down to assess the exhibition of the organization. Value Tesco offers least conceivable cost to the customers, and this is done through viable value arranging techniques. The organization expects to offer most extreme data about the administrations to the customers as this will empower in improving the purchasing power. Item There are various kinds of items and administrations offered by the organization to the customers. Through viable flexibly chain the executives framework, the specialists guarantee to make the items accessible for the customers. The procedure incorporates dissecting the requirements and inclinations of the potential purchasers through which the deals are improved. Advancement Online and disconnected special exercises are embraced by the organization. Through this procedure, the subtleties of the administrations rendered to the customers are featured. Online special exercises incorporate rendering the most ideal data that would help the customers in settling on choice (Mitchell, 2005). Spot where the items are proposed to be sold is being chosen. This is done through powerful arranging techniques. The administration pick the best spot through which the fundamental changes can be presented inside the organization for expanding the deals. Individuals The promoting systems are created and acquainted by the administration with improve the deals. In this procedure, diverse age gatherings of clients are focused as this would improve the business procedure for the association (Hogbin McSherry, 2007). Procedure The strategy followed by the administration to build the deals and perceivability of the items are talked about through this procedure. In this strategy, the difficulties looked by the administration are examined, as this will help in improving the exhibition. Physical proof through the physical proof technique, the organization examine the difficulties or dangers that can be looked by the administration for exaction of the undertaking. Provider chain the board framework In this procedure, the difficulties and different elements related with the item appropriation is examined. As the operational exercises are completed in various pieces of the world, the administration proposed to present standard techniques for doing the operational exercises. With flexibly chain the board framework, the administrations and the quality are proposed to be improved (Hill, 2011). End The flexibly chain the executives framework and the field-tested strategy are a portion of the significant factors through which the efficiency for the organization can be expanded. In this procedure, the remedial advances can be presented by dissecting the difficulties associated with the procedure. The inclusion of the customers is very significant as this will help in expanding the deals and perceivability of the items for the clients. In this technique, the administration needs to embrace and actualize successful methodology through which the progressions can be executed. References Youngster, P. N. (2002). Taking Tesco worldwide. Mckinsey Quarterly, 1, 137-138. Hadfield, W. (2006). No business case for thing level RFID labels except if done by providers, Tesco Trail Finds. PC Weekly, 18, 8. Slope, A., Hill, T. (2011). Basic activities the executives. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Hogbin, C., McSherry, N. (2007). Tesco: Concerns have been exaggerated and solid development story stays flawless. Dark Book-The Best of Bernstein-Pan-European Edition (Third Quarter 2007) Karolefski, J. (2005). Tesco turns out RFID. Nourishment Logistics, 15, 19 Plants, L. (2002). Why Tesco takes care of business. In-store Marketing, 1, 19. Mitchell, A. (2005). With chains and circles, Tesco is clandestinely reexamining retail. Advertising Week, 17, 33. Peart, R. (2010). Committed to website. Gracefully Chain Europe, 19(4), 34. Ruback, A. (2006). Another test rising up out of abroad. Accommodation Store News, 42(12), 101-104. Tesco PLC. (2013). Our business. Recovered from https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=143

Professional Proposal Paper Examples - Great Example For Your Proposal

Professional Proposal Paper Examples - Great Example For Your ProposalFinding a proposal paper example can be tricky for some businesses. Many a time, I have received emails from individuals who have no idea where to get good examples for their proposals.If you are a business owner and feel as though your proposal is not up to par, then you may be looking at a dismal resumé. In addition, you may find that your proposals are only out dated. Do not let this happen to you because there are still a lot of options available for your business to begin looking for great examples for their proposals.When searching for examples for your proposal, you will need to take into consideration the following things. You may have to first figure out what are the reasons why you are going to use the paper and how you want to use it for the project that you have been working on.Then, once you have found several different ideas, you will need to decide on the best one. This will be the main point in the whole process. In other words, if you have chosen to use the whiteboard to explain the project, then you should be able to find an example with this kind of graphic.The nice thing about using them is that you will be able to get an idea of what they look like and it will be easy for you to determine which one to use. Most often, I have heard it said that they will serve as a guide to create a better proposal and document. So, you do not have to be lost in the process of creating the proposal.Once you have finished the paper, you will need to add your own ideas so that you will not have to waste precious paper. Using a professional proposal paper for your project will help you along your way and will aid you in coming up with a great one.As I mentioned earlier, you do not have to wait until you finish the project before you can start looking for these professional examples. As soon as you have finished, you will be able to use the same materials to create one. Of course, you will ne ed to make sure that you will have everything ready before you start working.

Essay on Effects of Mass Media on Society - 1650 Words

In contemporary society, people are strongly influenced by mass media. Although traditional television watching and newspaper reading are no longer as popular as before, people spend more time in front of computers listening to music and radios, reading news and information, interacting with other people in social network and watching television programmes and films. The developing technology of mobile phone allows people to do almost everything they can do with the computer. Nowaday, people are living in a world ‘saturated by media sounds and images.’ (McQuail, 2008, p.456) In this essay, a general introduction of social change and media influence will be discussed in the first section. The second section will introduce Golding’s four†¦show more content†¦Obviously, media have some influence on our decision making, especially on our idea of consumption. John Corner (2000, p.379) named it as ‘circumstantial influence’. ‘A holiday progra mme may convince audiences to visit Greece in summer; a feature on cancer prevention may finally persuade some people towards a healthier diet.’ Good or bad economic news clearly affect business, consumer confidence and have strong influence on financial market. In special times such as war time, disaster or economic crisis, media are more influential. For example, during the period of the Sichuan earthquake in China, almost all Chinese media content focused on the progress of rescue. The media influence was very important for victims to obtain maximal concern from all over the world. Many people devoted themselves into voluntary work to help the victims. Similar situation also happened in Haiti after the earthquake in last month. Global media are focusing on the poor Caribbean country and gathering people from different countries to lend a hand for those earthquake survivors. News media is one of the most powerful and influential media forms. Golding (1981 cited in McQuail, 2008, p.467) distinguishes four different concepts of news and their effects: ‘planned and short term’, ‘unplanned and short term’, ‘planned and long term’and ‘unplanned and long term’. Planned news can be described for ‘propaganda’, ‘media campaign’, ‘framing news’ and ‘agenda-setting.’ It mayShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Mass Media On Society861 Words   |  4 PagesWhere do we get our information in society? How do we know what is true information from false information? Mass media, including T.V, Radio stations, newspaper has taken over the minds of people in society. According to Glen Smith and Kathleen Searles, Most assumption are being based off of what they see and hear on the television, social networks and on the radio because its mainly one side stories or one bashing o f individuals. People do not take the time to go in-depth about the situation beingRead MoreMass Media And Its Effects On Society1633 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen ideas and mass media in which we have access to, there is small changes in which The United States as a whole has been affected. There have been many discussions on how social media has played a part on American culture as we are becoming more reliant on computers and technology as well as we have in communicating. Social media and mass media has an affect modern society as technology has grown, so will its effects on people. Mass media and social media are, one social media is where anyoneRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On The Society1145 Words   |  5 Pagesthe causes of aggressive behavior, crime, and violence in the society. The potential of the mass media for social mobilization, education, and attitude change has been recognized and has been exploited in different parts of the world with varying degrees of success. But the effect that the mass media will produce at given situation still remains a subject of debate even today. Summing up what is known about the effect of the mass media, Berelson (1948:172) in Mcquail (2000:457)submitted â€Å"that someRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On Society1335 Words   |  6 Pages Mass media has inched its way into almost every facet of our daily lives. No one feels this intrusion more so than women. The market is geared towards them as the biggest consumer in our society. As a woman I am aware of this fact, but not only am I a woman, I am a woman who works in the advertising business. I have a unique perspective on both sides of the spectrum. How does all this focus effect us? How does this attention effect the way we perceive ourselves? Is it harmful? Can it be helpfulRead MoreThe Mass Media And Its Effects On Society1582 Words   |  7 Pagessecret of the overwhelming influence the mass media has over society. It has a great power and reaches large audiences. By presenting certain sorts of messages and facts skillfully, the media can manipulate people’s attitude and opinions without them even knowing. Business’ use of this constant exposure to their advantage and often invest and rely on commercials as a means to sell their products. Bec ause so many different people rely on the mass media, the companies need a platform that is universalRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On Society Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"spike your best friend’s eggnog when they’re not looking† perpetuates the rape culture which plagues much of society. Advertisements ultimately are designed to target and entice buyers by playing into the status quo (GW p. 412). However, mass media has been very effective in directly calling out advertisements such as Bloomingdale’s. It is comforting to know that the widespread use of mass media is useful in this way. This advertisement clearly perpetuates rape culture, especially the use of drugs suchRead MoreMass Media And Its Effect On Society1165 Words   |  5 PagesMass Media are organizations in our society. The medium industries provide information and entertainment, but mass media also can affect political, social, and cultural institutions. Mediums such as radio, newspapers, and television all reflect and affect American society. However, the main one that I am going to discuss is Radio. Radio is more effective in mass media as compared to the other mediums. The way radio was back then is way different from what it is in society today, it has changed overRead MoreMass Media And Its Effect On Society852 Words   |  4 PagesPeople are being depression and reflecting action in real life due to effective of mass media. Media has a power that can everyone has the same right and opportunity to access the information and enjoy their life. Teenagers are the most effective group of people because they can access and explode new technologies, creatives, curious, and proactive. Therefore, they are putting themselves in danger by performing challenge pictures or extreme dangerous things to be famous. People always attractiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On Our Society1471 Words   |  6 Pagesalert system activates an urgent bulletin to galvani ze the community for assistance and safety. Today, mass media has undergone a significant change in terms of how they reach out to the public. During the early 19th century, the dominant form of media was the printing press through newspapers, magazines, and books. Eventually, the late 19th century throughout the 20th century, broadcast media provided easier access for entertainment, political issues, and current events gathering families aroundRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media And Communication On The Society1674 Words   |  7 PagesMedia Message Introduction Behavioral sciences play a central role in figuring out the likely effect of mass media and communication in the society. Different theories and approaches are used to figure this out. This study refers to the Uses and Gratifications, and Cultivation theories to consider the effect of the media article below on individuals. The uses and gratification theory argues that consumers of a given media uses this media to satisfy and fulfill specific desires and needs. On the

A Short Note On Diabetes And Its Effects On Health

Imagine you are at a table with two other people, by 2050, one of you will have diabetes. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention predicts that by 2050, 1 in 3 Americans will have type 2 diabetes (Fleck). Diabetes costs Americans about $174 billion annually (Chan). Type two diabetes is caused by a combination of genes and unhealthy eating habits. Healthy foods are inaccessible to low income children, which has a negative impact on their health. There are programs in place to aid these low income families, but these programs are underutilized, The programs need to expand and improve to better serve their communities. Primarily, healthy foods are inaccessible and unappealing to low income families, because of the culture of the†¦show more content†¦need to, â€Å"Ensure that residents can access healthy and affordable food through public transportation—by realigning bus routes, providing free shuttles, or other means† (Let s Move). By focusing on aff ordable public healthcare, the voters overlook the deeper problem of an unhealthy diet putting more strain on the medical system than is necessary. There should be government subsidies for putting supermarkets in low income areas, because as of now, these areas are food swamps or food deserts. A food swamp is a place where there is a lot of unhealthy food in an area, while a food desert has very few food options. There was an act to make school lunches more healthy, which in theory should make the lunches more healthy, however there are still unhealthy options, and a fairly small number of schools has adopted the new standards. The website livestrong.com has a goal to help people get into good shape, and become better educated on health. Livestrong contributor Carly Schuna writes, â€Å"Not all schools implement the NSLP and not all students eat the healthier choices schools do provide† (Schuna). If there were only healthy options, children would get at least one full healthy meal per day, which would contribute to healthy eating habits in the future. There are barriers that are hard for low income families to get over to get healthy foods, however improving and expanding public transport or giving government subsidies to make low

Stereotype Anzac Heroes Portray and Idealize

Quesion: Discuss about the Stereotype Anzac Heroes Portray and Idealize. Answer: Introduction: The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps soldiers-Anzac Heroes is an element in Australian narration. They are the soldiers that fought at the First World War. The citizen soldiers in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) at Gallipoli when combined with the New Zealand troops present at the Western front formed the Anzac heroes. These volunteers defied the military powers and their rules to form the new Federation (Waterhouse 2000). They also fought to undermine the British forces and their authorities risking their lives for the service of the Federation. The Anzacs are the modern Australian identity as they have been transformed into brave, heroic soldiers marking the April 25 as the Anzac Day in Australia (Secomb 2003). They are marked as the Australian identity and remembered as they fought for the independent Australia. About 9 out of 10 Australians strongly support the Anzacs being associated with the national identity. According to Force and Corps 2007 the Anzacs are the main element of national identity and national pride. The argument lies that the Anzacs have overpowered the other significant events of the Australian history. It also highlights the truth behind the legend being associated with national Australian identity, the gap in knowledge and the underlying reasons for the formation of the nations. It argues that throughout the national Australian history, security played a strategic role dominating the successive government. It states the identity drawn between the national identity in Australia and the foreign policy. The Anzacs fought for the nation reflected by their heroism and bravery. There is also an argument regarding the battle fought at the Gallipoli led to the formation of the Federation and the nation. The Anzac Day is studied from the Peace and Conflict point of view making the creation of the nation. There are many myths related to the Anzac Day arguing whether the day is cel ebrated to mark the Australian identity. In contrast to the thesis statement, Anzac heroes mark the national Australian identity as they sacrificed their lives for the formation of the Federation and a new nation. The fought under their own flag forming the Federation in 1901 and the national identity is associated with the Gallipoli battle fighting in the international arena. According to Smith 1988 in the article mentioned that the concept of nationalism lies in the mankind divided into the nations and every individual being part of the nation. However, with the progress of generations, people are losing their identities and the sacrifices made for the nation. The patriots and nationalists who succeeded in forming the nation and making bonds outside the boundaries are the true heroes posing a way to national regeneration. Drawing conclusion from this article, it could be stated that the concept of national identity also lies in the patriots and heroes who sacrificed their lives for the nation and in forming a free nation. The Anzac heroes are associated with the national Australian identity as they fought for the formation of the new Federation. They have a note worthy impact being the modern national Australian identity as their courage, valor, commitment, honesty throughout the war place them at the epitome of national heroism. The young men transforme d themselves independently under their own flag into brave soldiers. The Anzac tradition made an independent Australia at the Gallipoli war harnessing as a marker in the view of national values and in providing the legitimacy to foreign policies. The Anzacs fought for the independence of the nation rather than any political or socioeconomic background or king and empire. The issue lies in the context of symbolizing the Anzac Heroes as national Australian identity and marking the April 25 as the Anzac Day in Australia and New Zealand. The Anzac Heroes are associated with the national identity as they have transformed themselves into brave, courageous soldiers who have fought for the independence of the nation and in forming a nation Australia (Ang and Stratton 1998). The troops of New Zealand and Australia combined to become the Anzac Heroes fought for their independence. The Anzac Heroes are associated with the national Australian identity transforming into brave, forfeit and faithful soldiers who fought for the nation to form Federation and an independent Australia. The preview points states that the Anzac soldiers are a symbol of national Australian identity and in the memory of their sacrifice; April 25 is celebrated as the Anzac Day. The Anzac Heroes not only consisted of brave men but also Australian servicewomen towards the approach of Federation formation marked in the Australian history (Nation 1997). The sacrifices of the Anzac heroes are appreciated and their contributions in freeing the nation and creating a society that people are enjoying today. Australia and New Zealand remembers the Anzac Heroes for their sacrifices at the battlefield of Gallipoli, Turkey during the First World War. They are the founding heroes fought selflessly in the allied attack at the Gallipoli field, Turkey. The preview points are clearly related to the proposed thesis statement that states the stereotype Anzac heroes being the Australian national identity. The Australian national identity is the shaping of the Australian nation through citizenships, values and symbols: national symbols, freedom and democracy, British colonization and heritage possession. The Anzac heroes sacrificed their lives in combat to free the nation and form a new Federation. The April 25 is celebrated in Australia and New Zealand as the Anzac Day to relive the spirit of the heroes and their sacrifices. Many servicewomen also give up their lives in the Gallipoli battlefield in Turkey to free their nation (Schaffer 1988). The Anzac Day is the most important occasion in Australia and New Zealand and holds a special place in the hearts of the Australians. They are considered as the founding heroes as they led to the foundation of a free nation and a new Federation. They were selfless in their sacrifices during their fight against the British colonization during the First World War (White 1981). Therefore, it could be restated that the stereotype Anzac Heroes are associated with the Australian national identity fighting dauntlessly marking the establishment of a free nation and a new Federation. References Ang, I. and Stratton, J., 1998. Multiculturalism in crisis: The new politics of race and national identity in Australia. TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies, (2). Force, M.E. and Corps, V.I.I., 2007. August 9 5 Order of Battle.The Landings at Suvla Bay, 1915: An Analysis of British Failure During the Gallipoli Campaign, p.172. Nation, C., 1997. Australian Film and National Identity in the 1990s. The Politics of Identity in Australia, p.185. Schaffer, K., 1988. Women and the bush: forces of desire in the Australian cultural tradition. Cambridge University Press. Secomb, L., 2003. Interrupting mythic community.Cultural Studies Review,9(1), p.85. Smith, A.D., 1988. The myth of the Modern Nationand the myths of nations.Ethnic and Racial Studies,11(1), pp.1-26. Waterhouse, R., 2000. Australian Legends: Representations of the Bush, 18131913.Australian Historical Studies,31(115), pp.201-221. White, R., 1981. Inventing Australia: Images and Identity, 1688-1980 (No. 3). Allen Unwin.

Bilingualism and Multilingualism

Bilingualism and Multilingualism Language is the influential aspect which determines the peculiarities of the people’s interactions in society. It is possible to discuss the usage of language for communication from psychological, linguistic, and sociolinguistic perspectives because language plays an enormous role in the formation of human identity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bilingualism and Multilingualism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The peculiar features of the social development influence the progress of the situation when today many people are considered as bilingual or multilingual. Economical, political, cultural and social shifts to the development of international economy and integration caused the fact that the notions of bilingualism and multilingualism which are closely connected with the phenomenon of globalization became important aspects of a modern society. To understand the peculiarities of this tendency, it is neces sary to examine the definitions of bilingualism and multilingualism and determine the features in which these notions are similar or different. The issue of defining such notions as bilingualism and multilingualism is widely discussed by many researchers nowadays. The main difference of their approaches is in the consideration of these notions as similar or different in relation to their major characteristics. In her work, Pavlenko accentuates the fact that traditionally bilingualism and multilingualism are discussed as the same notions that is why she uses use the term ‘bilingualism’ in order to study the aspects of bi- and multilingualism with paying attention only to the number of languages used by a speaker (Pavlenko, 2006). According to this idea, bilingualism should be defined as the phenomenon when people use two languages to realize their social interactions, and multilingualism is the phenomenon when people use more than two languages to complete their social n eeds (Altarriba Heredia, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, to discuss the aspects of bilingualism and multilingualism, it is necessary to focus on the factor of the social motivation and psychological peculiarities of the ability to use two or more languages for interactions. To discuss the notions as the same, it is necessary to state that bi/multilingualism is a complex phenomenon which is influenced by social and psychological factors and also affects the structure of the languages used. This phenomenon is connected with the notion of codes. Thus, bilingualism is a result of â€Å"psycholinguistic functioning of the mind when having two codes† (Ceroz Gorter, 2011, p. 357). Nevertheless, it is also possible to notice that multilingualism is a result of using more than two language codes. The usage of two or more codes results in developing code-mix ing and code-switching during the communication process (Ceroz Gorter, 2011). The peculiar features of code-mixing and code-switching are widely discussed by those researchers who support the opinion that bilingualism and multilingualism cannot be considered as the same notions. The base for their arguments is two views known as the ‘fractional’ view and ‘holistic’ view (Perani Abutalebi, 2005). According to the first perspective, a bilingual is a person who interacts as two monolinguals depending on definite circumstances (Altarriba Heredia, 2008). The ‘holistic’ view is more general and states that the languages used are interdependent and influence each other. Thus, the person who uses them should be considered as a unique personality following definite sociolinguistic peculiarities. Focusing on these two views, sociolinguists and psychologists accentuate that code- switching as the selection of definite linguistic elements in languages t o use is more typical for bilinguals and code-mixing is more typical for multilingual persons who combine the elements of many languages in one speech to complete the conversation goal (Myers-Scotton, 2006). Moreover, it is significant to pay attention to such points as the types of bi/multilingualism and their differences. Researchers define circumstantial bilingualism as the person’s usage of two languages according to the situation of communication and other socio-environmental factors which influenced the necessity to learn the second language (De Bot, Lowie, Verspoor, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bilingualism and Multilingualism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Circumstantial multilingualism can develop on the base of previous bilingualism under the definite living circumstances. That is why it is almost impossible to determine any strict differences in these types. Sequential bilingualism is based on the fact bilinguals develop some proficiency in their native language and then learn the second language. Thus, their knowledge about the native language can influence their acquiring the second language. The next stage after acquiring the second language can be multilingualism when a person studies languages sequentially. Thus, there are no obvious differences in sequential bilingualism and sequential multilingualism. The only fact which can influence the peculiarities of multilingual persons’ interactions is the ability to learn languages more effectively with using the knowledge about the first two or more languages (Wei Moyer, 2008). Passive bi/multilingualism is characterized by a person’s knowing two or more languages, but active usage in communication of only one of them (Paradis Navarro, 2003). Thus, the peculiarities of circumstantial, sequential, and passive bi/multilingualism cannot be considered as decisive for determining the differences in usin g the notions. Those researchers who develop the idea that bilingualism and multilingualism are similar notions accentuate the fact of ‘soft boundaries’ between languages which are typical both for bilinguals and multilingual persons (Ceroz Gorter, 2011). Nevertheless, the other linguists argue that because of predominantly circumstantial character of bilingualism, ‘soft boundaries’ between languages are more typical for the multilingual practice (Myers-Scotton, 2006). To determine the differences and similarities in the notions of bilingualism and multilingualism, it is possible to provide the general definition which is based on the opinion that a multilingual person differs from a bilingual only in the number of languages he knows. Moreover, multilingualism can also include the concept of bilingualism as the certain type of the phenomenon.Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, according to the ‘holistic’ view with focusing on such aspects as code-mixing and ‘soft boundaries’ between languages, it is possible to define a multilingual person as a man who uses more than two languages for realizing everyday social interactions. The main peculiarities of multilingual persons is the effective usage of more than two languages as the combination of codes (code-mixing) in order to achieve the goal of communication in spite of environmental factors. Multilingual persons differ from bilinguals in such aspects as the intensity of interdependence of the languages used, forming a unique personality from the psychological and sociolinguistic perspectives, and the usage of two or more languages and their combinations depending on their effectiveness according to the communicative goal. References Altarriba, J. Heredia, R. R. (2008). An introduction to bilingualism: Principles and Processes. USA: Psychology Press. Ceroz, J. Gorter, D. (2011). Focus on multilingualism: A study of trilingual writing. The Modern Language Journal, 95(iii), 356-369. De Bot, K., Lowie, W., Verspoor, M. (2007). A dynamic systems theory approach to second language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10, 7–21. Myers-Scotton, C. (2006). Multiple voices. USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Paradis, M. Navarro, S. (2003). Subject realization and crosslinguistic interference in the bilingual acquisition of Spanish and English: What is the role of the input? Journal of Child Language, 30, 371–393. Pavlenko, A. (2006). Bilingual minds. USA: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Perani, D. Abutalebi, J. (2005). Neural basis of first and second language processing. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15, 202–206. Wei, L. Moyer, M. G. (2008). The Blackwell guide to research methods in bilingualism and multilingualism. USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

game theroy essays

game theroy essays Microwave Oven Interference on Wireless LANs Abstract - Commercial microwave ovens as applied in restaurants have two magnetron tubes and compared to domestic kitchen counterparts they spread the higher RF power and radiated heating energy more evenly. The domestic kitchen or residential microwave ovens have only one magnetron tube. The interference from the commercial type of microwave ovens is more difficult to characterise than the interference from the residential ones. The commercial type of microwave ovens radiate a CW-like interference that sweeps over tens of MHz during the two bursts per mains power cycle. The residential ones give a CW-like interference that has a more or less stable frequency near 2.45 GHz occurring once per mains power cycle. The impact of the interference from the commercial type of microwave ovens on wireless LANs conforming the IEEE 802.11 standard for both DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum) and FHSS (frequency hopping spread spectrum) has been evaluated. The release of the 2.4 GHz unlicensed band (2400 -2483.5 MHz) for ISM (industrial, scientific, medical applications) prompted a significant interest in the design of wireless LAN products. Interference from extraneous sources (unintentional radiators) impacts the reliability of communication in this 2.4 GHz ISM band. Sources of such interference are the millions of residential microwave ovens radiating at frequencies close to 2.45 GHz, and they have been described largely in the literature. Commercial microwave ovens, based on two magnetron tubes as used in restaurants, have been hardly described in the literature. Since commercial ovens are expected more often in the vicinity of office buildings with a high population density of office equipment and PCs, this type has been evaluated with respect to the nature of the interference signal and the impact on wireless LANs operating ...

Nursing Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing Education - Essay Example Further it will seek to discuss the current system of nursing education, post graduate (masters) education and reflections on nursing education in Kenya and Ireland. Nursing in Kenya before 1950s was being operated by individuals who had no structure that was convectional; this was based on the fact that poverty level was high. As the result of the poverty level, it was impossible to train and equip nurses with the required nursing practices. The fact that nursing lacked convectional structure meant that government support was not offered and thus nobody could stand and call for national strike which would pressure the government to support nursing organizations (Chinn, 1994 p 30). The well wishers from the United Kingdom provided running support and thus pressure mounted and effort to have legislation on nursing started. It was in 1983 when the first documented legislation Nurses Act Cap 257 was passed by all the nurses’ council of Kenya so that their right and demand could be aired in a manner that was respectable. In 1980s, Kenya Registered Community Health Nurse (KRCHN) was registered and the aim was to train the nurses so as to provide comprehensive care to the entire communities who were supposed to be served. In 1990s diseases which were complex like cancer, HIV/AIDS among others started to emanate. This made cap257 to be emphasized on to make sure that nurses were equipped and effectively trained. In Ireland, the political and legislative act dates back in 1900 where nursing was developed earlier due to the government and other stakeholders support. The first legislation in Ireland was passed in 1919 while in Kenya it was passed in 1950s which was termed as Nurses Registration Act which was later known as Nursing Council for Ireland (Kelly and Joel, 1996 p 97). The act ensured that practices and other high professional competence in nursing were

Unilever Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Unilever Company - Essay Example The current nonexecutive director of the dual companies is Michael Treschow while the chief executive of the company is Paul Polman. The company has a sizeable slice in London stock exchange and has a rank of the eighteenth position in the stock exchange as at the close of 2011 (Murphy 2009). Back ground information Unilever Company began its operations at the start of 1930. The pioneers include Samuel Bergh, Antonius Johannes Jurgen and William Lever. This was through the amalgamation of two businesses, where the British soap makers who were the Level brothers came together with the Dutch margarine producer who was Margarine Unie in 1927. The amalgamation of the two companies was strategic in terms of the commercial benefit it would provide. This is basing on the fact that, for the production of margarine and soaps, there would be a requirement of palm oil thus the importation of palm oil, which was a key raw material, would be fast and in large quantities. This would help reduce th e number of times the product would require transportation as well as reduce the custom taxes due to importation. The palm oil in use by the companies was from Belgian Congo, where they had procurement of seven fifty thousand hectares of the forest land from where there was the extraction of palm oil. This was by labourers whose working conditions were poor as well as the labourers getting low pay. At the beginning of 1930, the Unilever business empire went global opening branches in Latin America and Africa where the initial business had taken root. During the year, there was acquiring of restraints so as to increase the company’s operations, soon after acquiring the shares, there was the sale of shares by the management so as to make an expansion in the operations of the business. By then the company was making edible fats and soaps leading to much income by the business. The purchasing of the Chesebrough-pond’s company, there was strengthening of Unilever Company. T he expansion of the Company was due to purchasing of Calvin Klein Company that was in the making of Cosmetics as well as the Farbege and Elizabeth Arden companies. The expansion has led to making of a headquarters for all its operation worldwide which is in London. The name rises up fully in the 1990s, and getting a complete charter and becoming the Unilever Company (Wilson 2009). Issues in staffing and training and development The company has the right staffing solution. To get a preview on this, there is consideration of the various issues that the company has put into place including; compliance where the employees sign contracts that show there compliance in working towards a common goal for the well being of the business. Compliance is essential for the development of the organisation in that the employees know what the management requires thus works hard to comply with the standards of the company set by the management. Another issue is retention where the company retains the working conditions of the company, by ensuring that the employees work in an able environment thus they do not have to move to other fields. Retention of their initial name and logo has come ensures that the company

Voltammetric Methods for Trace Analysis of Chromium Essay Example for Free

Voltammetric Methods for Trace Analysis of Chromium Essay Voltammetric methods of analysis, which have been used since the invention of polarography in 1922, witnessed a serious decline in use and was even threatened with extinction with the development of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) in the mid-1960s (Bond, 1980, pp. 2-3). The remarkable detection limits of AAS, coupled with its ability to determine almost all the metallic elements, was beyond the reach of classical polarography, which had come to be regarded as a very unattractive technique due to its clumsy instrumentation. However, there has been a resurgence of interest in the electroanalytical techniques during the past years, mainly as a result of the appearance of vastly improved, commercially available instrumentation which has taken full advantage of the electronic revolution. In parallel with the instrumental developments, there have also been accompanying advances in the theoretical aspects of electroanalytical techniques with the development of, for example, ax, pulse and stripping techniques. As a consequence, voltammetry is now established as an extremely versatile, sensitive, rapid and inexpensive analytical technique which has found applications in most areas of analytical chemistry. The fundamental principles of polarography are described by Bond (1980), though he recounts developments in polarographic techniques that have led to the renaissance and widespread adoption of voltammetry. Over the last 15-20 years, there has been a revolution in the existing data regarding the distributions and chemical behavior of trace elements in natural waters. This revolution has been brought about by the realisation that any analytical methodology has to account for the risks of contamination as well as analyte losses involved during the sampling and sample handling steps. Thus clean techniques have been developed and adopted for the collection, preservation, storage and analysis of water samples for trace analysis. This, coupled with the advent of extremely sensitive techniques, has resulted in concentrations of trace elements in seawater being shown to be factors of 10 to 1000 times lower than those previously accepted (Donat, et al. , 1995, p. 247). This in turn has led to a demand for more accurate data to be generated at lower concentrations. The focus of this paper is to discuss voltammetric methods for the analysis of one of the biogeochemically important trace metals in natural water: chromium. Voltammetric Methods AAS (especially Electrothermal AAS) techniques are generally regarded as the ultimate methods of detection for ultra-trace analysis because of the detection limits attainable by these techniques. However, in the form of Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV), voltammetry offers a technique that, in specific cases, can rival these techniques with respect to detection limits, reproducibility and ease of operation. The extreme sensitivity of ASV is due to the analyte preconcentration step inherent to the technique, whereas the spectrometric techniques rely on a prior analyte preconcentration step. Another advantage that ASV offers is that it can speciate the analyte species on the basis of their lability in the natural medium (Florence, 1986) The high sensitivity of ASV allows for the determination of metal speciation in natural waters without the necessity of external pre-concentration. ASV involves two steps: deposition step, which is an internal pre-concentration, during which a negative potential is applied at the mercury drop (i. e. the working electrode) and the metal ion is reduced to the metal which dissolves in the mercury drop forming an amalgam, followed by the stripping step, during which a positive-going potential scan causes re-oxidation of the metal in the amalgam. Thus, the amalgamated metals are stripped out of the mercury electrode and give rise to anodic peak currents, whose heights are proportional to the ASV-labile (i. e. ASV-measurable) metal species (Willard et al. , 1988, p. 719). The applicability of ASV is contingent on the metal to be determined being soluble in mercury to form an amalgam. This requirement severely limits its widespread application in environmental analysis and ASV has remained more or less confined to the determination of Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn. In this respect, the applicability of ASV is very restrictive, in contrast to the capability of AAS or ICP techniques, which are readily applicable for the determination of most of the elements in the Periodic Table (Willard et al. , 1988). In parallel with ASV, Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CSV) techniques have also been used for trace element analysis. Until relatively recently, this technique was viewed as the mirror image of ASV (Wang, 1985). In classical CSV, the analyte species is electrolytically preconcentrated as an insoluble Hg species on the electrode by the imposition of a relatively positive, constant potential during the deposition stage. The applied potential results in the formation of Hg22+ ions on the electrode surface. Analyte species capable of forming insoluble Hg compounds react with the Hg22+ to form an insoluble film on the surface of the electrode. During the stripping stage, a negative potential scan is applied on the electrode, resulting in the reduction of this insoluble compound to Hg0 and the original analyte ion. The faradaic current resulting from this reduction forms the analytical signal. In this preconcentration mode, CSV is applicable to the analysis of mainly anionic species and has been used for the analysis of halides, cyanide, sulphide and a variety of organic compounds (Wang, 1985). The applicability of CSV has now been extended to the determination of metallic species following considerable research into a new, non-electrolytic method of preconcentration during the last decade. This preconcentration method is based on the observation that many organic compounds exhibit surface active properties that are manifested by their adsorption from solution onto the surface of a solid phase. Adsorption has been regarded as an undesirable adverse effect in polarography for a long time but enhancements in polarographic waves had been observed and attributed to adsorption since the early days of polarography (Bond, 1980). Pihlar et al. (1981) were the first to exploit adsorption of the dimethylglyoxime complex of Ni on the Hg electrode for the preconcentration of Ni before its stripping. Since then, procedures for the determination of a large number of trace elements have been developed and applied to environmental samples. Wang (1989) provides excellent review on the development, potentials and applications of CSV, which contains a detailed treatment of the fundamental principles of CSV, the mechanisms of complex adsorption and of the stripping step. The principle behind the new method is very simple: under optimized solution conditions, the analyte (generally metal ions) reacts with an added ligand to form a complex which is adsorbed on the surface electrode during the preconcentration stage. This complex is then reduced during the stripping stage, which consists of the application of a negative potential scan on the electrode. During the stripping stage, the reduction process producing the peak current may be due to the reduction of the metal ion, the reduction of the ligand or the simultaneous reduction of both the ligand and the metal ion. The selectivity of the method is determined by the judicious choice of the complex-forming ligand and, since the reaction between the ligand and the analyte is usually dependent on the oxidation state of the analyte species, speciation analysis is generally achieved (Wang, 1985). A comprehensive review of ligands used in, and metals determinable by CSV is given by (Paneli, 1993). It can be conceived that with the choice of a proper ligand, any metallic species should be amenable to CSV determination, opening up the whole Periodic Table to this extremely sensitive, selective and inexpensive analytical technique. The reduction of the ligand can be used for the determination of metals which are reduced at very negative potentials. It is no wonder therefore that so much activity has been channeled towards the search for new ligands for CSV of trace metals in environmental samples. Almost two decades after the technique was first used for the determination of nickel, there is some continuing debate as to the name of the technique. Since the adsorption phenomenon is utilized for preconcentration of the analyte species, the technique has also been referred to as Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry, (AdSV), as well as Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (AdCSV), whereas many workers simply refer to it as CSV based on the direction of the current flow during the reduction. Following a discussion on the pros and cons of the different names used for the technique, Fogg (1994) reached the conclusion that the term cathodic stripping voltammetry with adsorptive accumulation would be more informative. However, he acknowledged that the term cathodic stripping will continue to be used. In contrast to the analytical methods, electrochemical methods for trace metal analysis are very fast and require relatively simple and inexpensive instrumentation. If the complexing ligand is chosen such that the reaction occurs selectively between the ligand and the analyte in a given oxidation state, speciation is achievable without lengthy separation steps and the preconcentration inherent to the technique precludes the need for a potentially contaminating preconcentration step (Wang, 1985). The whole analytical procedure can generally be carried out within the confines of a clean bench, which is a major asset in trace analysis. The fact that the material adsorbed on the mercury electrode is readily accessible for instantaneous reduction during the stripping stage leads to the flow of a large current, which is the analytical signal. Hence high sensitivities, i. e. , extremely low detection limits, can be achieved. In CSV, detection limits in the sub-Â µg/L level are routinely achieved using preconcentration times of 1-3 min (Wang, 1985). All these assets make CSV potentially the most appropriate technique for environmental, and, specifically, natural water analysis. Voltammetric Analytical Methods for Chromium Chromium occurs principally in nature as the extremely stable mineral chromite, FeO. Cr2O3. In most soils and bedrocks, it is similarly immobilized in the trivalent state; however, the environmental concentrations of chromium are significantly in excess of the natural mobilization of the element by weathering processes. This is because chromium and its compounds have widespread industrial applications, resulting in large quantities of the element being discharged in the environment (Bowen, 1979). The chromium concentrations encountered in natural waters are very low; concentrations vary from 0. 1 to 0. 3 Â µg/L in seawater and from 0.3 to 6 Â µg/L in unpolluted surface waters (Bowen, 1979). The study of the chemical speciation of chromium in natural waters has been a topic of great interest for 40 years. The speciation studies have almost exclusively focused on the distribution of chromium between Cr(III) and Cr(VI) (Fukai, 1967, p. 901). Polarographic methods for the analysis of chromium have long been established but the detection limits do not permit their application to natural waters. However, it was during the polarographic study of Cr in supporting medium containing EDTA and nitrate ions that an important observation was made by Tanaka and Ito (1966). These authors found that the Cr polarographic waves were unusually high in this medium and attributed it to the catalytic re-oxidation of an intermediate Cr(II)-EDTA complex by nitrate ions. Golimowski et al. (1985) were the first to recognize the role of adsorption in the polarographic determination of Cr in the presence of DTPA as supporting electrolyte. They showed that the Cr-DTPA is adsorbed on Hg whereas Cr-EDTA is not, hence the notion that DTPA is more suitable than EDTA for the polarographic determination of Cr. Golimowski et al. (1985) exploited the adsorption of the Cr-DTPA complex for the preconcentration of the analyte at a Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode and thus published the first CSV method for chromium. DTPA was used as the complexing ligand and the catalytic effect of nitrate ions was used for enhancement of the reduction currents. In what would be the first application of a voltammetric technique for the determination of chromium at levels prevalent in natural waters, they reported a detection limit of 20 Â µg/L for a 2-min deposition time. The superiority of this analytical method vis-a-vis the non-electrochemical methods was unquestionable. The CSV method provided not only the required detection limit, but it did so without the need for any separate sample pretreatment steps (Golimowski et al. , 1985). However, Golimowski et al. (1985) failed to consider that the sensitivity of Cr(III) was less than that of Cr(VI), although this observation had already been made by Zarebski in 1977. These authors also failed to observe that the response of Cr(III) was transient (see below). According to Golimowski et al. (1985) therefore, the method was applicable for the determination of total chromium and they claimed success in its application for the determination of chromium in river, lake, sea and rain water. Given the view of Golimowski et al. (1985) regarding the applicability of the DTPA method for the determination to Cr(III), Torrance and Gatford (1987) made a very thorough study of the CSV of the Cr-DTPA complex and confirmed that the responses of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were indeed different. They found that the Cr(VI):Cr(III) response ratio was 14:1 at 0. 1 Â µg/L and 1. 2:1 at 1 Â µg/L of Cr respectively. These authors also found that with both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) there was a kinetic effect that produced a decrease in peak current with time; this decrease was more severe for Cr(III), with a decrease of 15% in the first 5 min after the addition of DTPA. Therefore it was concluded that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) cannot be determined in a solution unless all Cr(III) is oxidized to Cr(VI). They achieved this by heating the sample solutions with bromine water and attained detection limits of 0. 023 Â µg/L Cr as Cr(VI) (Torrance and Gatford, 1987). Scholz et al. (1990) also confirmed that the DTPA method works reliably only for Cr(VI) and proposed that, for the speciation of chromium, total chromium be determined as Cr(VI) after prior conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) by uv-irradiation. Cr(VI) only was determined after a prior step in which the Cr(III) was removed from solution by coprecipitation with AI(OH)3. Cr(III) could then be obtained by difference. The use of DTPA as the complexing ligand in the determination of chromium was further studied by Boussemart et al. (1992), who devised and optimized a method for the speciation of chromium in natural water. These authors observed that the sensitivity for Cr(III) was about 70% of the Cr(VI) sensitivity. They also found that the response for Cr(III) was transient, disappearing completely in about 30 min. They therefore devised a method whereby the CSV peak current was recorded under optimized conditions immediately after the addition of DTPA to the voltammetric cell. The peak current at this time would be equivalent to the response due to Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Then, after 30 min (when the Cr(III) was believed not to be responding), they carried out a determination of Cr(VI) by a Cr(VI) standards addition. The concentration of Cr(III) was estimated from the initial response of Cr(III) plus Cr(VI). Thus, they reported a detection limit of 0. 1 nM (ca. 5 ng/L) for a 2-min deposition time. Although they used this method for the speciation of Cr in natural water, it is deficient in that the Cr(III) can only be estimated (Boussemart et al. , 1992). Apparently, these authors failed to consider the findings of Torrance and Gatford (1987) regarding the differing ratios of Cr(VI):Cr(III) responses at different concentrations as well as the rapidly decreasing response of Cr(III). The rate of decrease of the Cr(III) response is such that by the time the solution is purged and the first voltammetric run completed, there already is a substantial loss in signal. If, as is normal practice, voltammetric runs are carried out in triplicate and, as proposed, a deposition time of 2 min is chosen, it would be impossible to quantify the initial response due to the Cr(III). However, this method is very useful because it enables total Cr(VI) to be determined without any sample pretreatment step. Probably having realized the deficiencies of the above method, Boussemart and van den Berg (1994) later published another method for the determination of Cr(III) in natural water. In this case, the Cr(III) was preconcentrated by adsorption on silica. The adsorbed Cr(III) was later released by converting it to Cr(VI) by uv-irradiation and this Cr(VI) was determined by CSV, with DTPA as the complexing ligand. Conclusion From the discussion above it can be seen that analytical methods with the required sensitivity for the speciation determination of chromium in natural water can be based on electrochemical techniques with better attainable detection. Additionally, the electrochemical techniques generally involve less sample pretreatment and are faster and cheaper to perform. For these reasons, electroanalytical methods are preferable for the determination of chromium. Of the stripping techniques discussed, the method based on DTP A seems best suited to the determination of Cr(VI) in natural water, because Cr(III) does not respond. However, the difficulty faced in determining Cr(III) is a major drawback. Considering the methods described above, the complete speciation of chromium would need the complete oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) or the physical separation of the Cr(III) species as done in the methods by Boussemart and van den Berg (1994), or Scholz et al. (1990). These pretreatment steps are lengthy and are potentially likely to introduce analyte losses as well as contamination in the analytical method. The incorporation of sample pretreatment steps seems to be contrary to the spirit of electroanalytical techniques where excellent sensitivity coupled with simplicity and minimal sample handling is lauded as the great asset of the technique. The complete speciation of chromium could in principle be achieved without any need for sample pretreatment by the use of two different complexing ligands, for example, DTPA for Cr(VI) only and then cupferron or 2,2-bipyridine for total chromium (Cr(III) plus Cr(VI)). The difference between total chromium and Cr(VI) would then be equivalent to Cr(III). However, adoption of such a speciation scheme has apparently not yet been investigated, probably because it would entail undesirable additional time and costs (costs and purification of additional chemicals etc. ) in the overall process. References Bond, A. M. (1980). Modern Polarographic Methods in Analytical Chemistry. New York: Marcel Dekker. Boussemart, M. , van den Berg, C. M. G. , Ghaddaf, M. (1992). The determination of the chromium speciation in sea water using catalytic cathodic stripping voltammetry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 262, 103–115. Boussemart, M., van den Berg, C. (1994). Preconcentration of chromium (III) from seawater by adsorption on silica. and voltammetric determination. Analyst, 119, 1349-1353. Bowen, H. J. M. (1979). Environmental Chemistry of the Elements. Academic Press. Donat, J. R. , Bruland, K. W. (1995). Trace Elements in the Oceans, in Salbu, B. and Steinnes, E. (Eds. ), Trace Elements in Natural Waters. CRC Press. Fogg, A. G. (1994). Adsorptive stripping voltammetry or cathodic stripping voltammetry? Methods of accumulation and determination in stripping voltammetry. Anal. Proc. , 31, 313-317.

Comparing the Comedy Central TV Channel to ComedyCentral.com Essays

From Television to the Internet: Comparing the Television Channel and ComedyCentral.com It is often stated by twenty-something generation X-er's, that their generation was raised by the television set; that Mr. Rogers was their dad, the gang from Sesame Street was their siblings, and Mrs. Brady was their mom. This is a very eclectic family if one stops to think about it: make believe for a dad, Muppets for brothers and sisters, and a very lovely lady for a mom. These latch key kids that grew up befriended by the television set, represent a generation, that in reality, is passing. The next generation of children that has moved to the block, depends not on the television set and the afternoon programming of yesterday, but instead, have found solace in a new, more exciting innovation: computers, and the Internet. From classrooms and libraries, to bedrooms and family rooms, kids are finding access to the Internet and for the most part, are reaping its benefits. The Internet is, in essence, the one perfect source for media information, sports reports, homework help, communication via e-mail, entertainment reports, famous people interviews and pictures, advertising, and the list is simply infinite. The Internet is the one tool that could very possibly replace the popularity of the television. Ironically, one is able to get television on the Internet! Yes, it is possible to download segments of popular television shows and interviews. Popular cable channels such as CNN, ESPN, HBO, MTV, and Comedy Central have their very own web sites where you can go and look at program listings, games, interviews, images to download, and even episode summaries. One of the best television network web cites is the Comedy Central web cite. Lo... ...offee mug or an Absolutely Fabulous tee shirt. Yes, there is a page where merchandise can be ordered. Every web-site created serves some purpose. Whether it be to inform, educate, entertain, each individual cite is special in its own element. The Comedy Central website is one of the most popular cites of all the television network generated cites. Aside from the possibility of not always being able to get it to come up (sometimes you just get it to load), the comedy, color, and liveliness contribute to its functioning purpose: to inform and entertain, but above all, to give viewers a glimpse into the Comedy Central world. The pages, images, and overall tone provides its viewers with an experience to sitting in front of the television set. By visiting this site, viewers can experience first hand and hands on, the hilarity, fun, and creativity of one of the best.

Unit 110 Work with Parents to Meet Their Children

Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 1 ac1 The relationship between parents and their children is constantly adapting, beginning at birth. At birth is the point when the strongest attachment bonds form and parents strive to meet their baby’s every need. As the child gets older i. e. around two years old the relationship as parents begins to change they start educating their children through discipline etc. When setting boundaries for discipline rules are implemented.The rules provide children with the freedom to express themselves within certain boundaries enabling them to learn and develop effectively. Children of pre-school age through to adolescence are at the stage were parents begin teaching them about life to enable the children to have some understanding of the actions of others people, such as their friends, key worker’s and teachers. Through creating an understanding of boundaries children begin to realise that there will be consequences to their own actions.As children get older and enter adolescence the relationship with their parents continues to change. As children, get older children will become more involved decisions, giving them more responsibility and helping them to become progressively independent, while still supporting and protecting their children too. A relationship is thought to be interdependent when there are strong connections and shared power between two people. Parents’ behaviour, thoughts and emotions rely upon those of their children, their reactions matter to each other.Interdependent also means that parents and children have shared ambitions as well as separate ambitions that will clash with each other. Because of this, parents and their children will feel stronger emotions when they interact, work together a greater amount but also have more frequent arguments than people who do not have a close relationship. The parent-child relationship is important and individual. Par ents and children have past, present and future relationships that keep changing as the parent and the child develop and learn from each other.Outcome 1ac2 There are many factors which affect the relationship between parents and children through all developmental stages ranging from when a child is having tantrums or displaying unacceptable behaviour as this challenges parent’s ability to follow through with discipline and be consistent. As children get older and start to have friend that mum & dad doesn't like as they are a bad influence. Many conflicts from early stages of temper tantrums to bad choice of friends leading on to poor life choices such as drinking, smoking and other unhealthy habits.In most cases children want the best for their children and sometimes the hopes and aspirations they have are imposed on their children and this can lead to the children/ young people conflicting | | | | | | | | Outcome 1ac3 Explain key types of transitions that a child or young pe rson may experience Cross reference with Unit 022 Outcome 5 assessment criteria 1 and 2. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 1ac4 Parent hood is a rollercoaster ride with highs and lows but the highs out weight the lows in my experience.The time you had to play with goes but the time you have with your children is priceless. The initial change will be coping with the late night feeds and lack of sleep making you exhausted. Babies schedule will completely overturn any sleeping pattern you had in the past although this can settle after a few months in some cases this is no consolation when you only have a few hours sleep a night. It is important for mothers to try and rest/sleep while baby is to catch up.It is often difficult for fathers to catch up on sleep and rest as they only have the two weeks paternity and are back to work so endure the disrupted sleeping patterns etc. A common change brought by parent hood often affecting mothers is postnata l depression which can have a huge effect on coping with baby and the complete change in routine and sleep deprivation and can occur during the first year. It is commonly believed that dropping levels of oestrogen and progesterone trigger the depression that many new mothers feel. One part of parent of parent hood which can become frustrating is that everyone becomes an expert.The problem with this is that you feel what you are doing is wrong as opinions often conflict with each other and in most cases many opinions are old wives tales. Thankfully in my experience my mother in-law is a midwife and she was able to tell us what current opinion and research suggest is best but explained all is at own discretion. On the other side negative feelings can arise towards the baby due to complete overwhelming experience and at this point having the ability and awareness that there are people to speak to in order to ease the load and help with this and that its common.The most common change is that occurs even with the most confident of people is a Fear and/or feelings of incompetence. New parents don't automatically know how to care for their babies. They should try not to worry if they feel like they don't know what they're doing. Parenting takes lots of practice. Parents learn as they go and can’t expect to perform perfectly from the beginning. Outcome 1ac5 Explain key factors in the process and function of bonding and attachment See table on appendix1Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 1ac6 There are many key factors i the process of children’s development of a sense of self. Through the initial relationships with parents babies begin to develop a sense of who they are through a sense of ownership i. e. they are mine (Mum and Dad) Another factor in the early stages is the babys routine as it defines them as it is suited to their individual characteristics and parents follow it strictly.As baby develops into a small c hild the begin to make sounds which then become words which gives them a voice which is a big part in defining who they are as they can communicate more effectively Children from 3 to four years old have a greater ability to see themselves as individuals as they have more independance they also have the ability to be descriptive, rather than judgmental saying what they see i. e. that girl has pink hair mummy when standing beside the person in a shopping queue. When children reach school age they have managed to make it through transition’s the main one being starting school.At this age children can now be spoken to and communicate back with understanding so they have the ability to say what they feel and want as do their parents and carers. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 2 ac1 In my setting we support parents in understanding that both parents and children develop and change over time and have distinctive temperaments by organising re cording information in the daily communication books and generally speaking to the parents and carers regarding the child.We always try to reassure parents if there are any concerns and communicate any concerns mentioned by parents to our supervisor/ managers. In my setting the focus is mainly verbal so we chat to parents about their child’s temperament, if they are worried about their behaviour for example, ensuring them that each child is an individual and depending on the situation or what was going on at the time, would determine how their child behaves i. e. a new baby on the way.Outcome 2ac2 We support parents as partners in understanding the role of reciprocal responses and interaction in parenting, by working with them to share their children’s care and development. Any information that we gain and share from parents communications on arrival and departure of children, helps us in the way that we work and provide for children and their families within our setti ng. We often send out monthly updates, informing parents of what their children are doing that month.As I mentioned previously my setting uses verbal communication so any information we share or are told is recorded in a communication book to allow other staff to be aware of any things parents are requesting for their child to ensure parents and care staff are meeting the learning and developmental needs of children. Outcome2 ac3 When new children/ families enter our to setting, a child is often upset at the thought of their parents leaving them with us, which in turn upsets the parents too. We reassure parents that their child will be ok their child by ensuring them that they will be okay.An approach we often use is to encourage parents to make their goodbyes short, because if a child is upset, long goodbyes or a parent reluctant to leave, often makes a child more upset. In my setting we also say to parents that if they need some additional reassurance to wait outside and we can gi ve them a nod through the window when their child is distracted and settled. If a child continues to be upset every time they come into the setting and the parents are reluctant to leave them, then we suggest the parent stays with them until the child is happy to let their parent go as long as this is not for oo long of a period. For example – we have a little boy at our setting and when he 1st started, he would scream and cry, clinging to his mother and getting himself more upset when mum went to leave, which in turn upset mum too so she came back to him then tried to leave again. Mum stayed with him for a few minutes on bringing him into the room, until he was settled and happy, sitting far enough away, so as not to interfere with him playing or making friends, but close enough to reassure him that she was still there. (This reassured mum too, seeing him happy and playing) Now when he arrives he is happy for mum to leave.So in some cases, a gradual separation process works best, especially if a child has never been left with anyone else before. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome2 ac4 Challenging parents assertively is a very sensitive issue and being able to consider when it is appropriate to do so. A major challenge can be discrimination, understanding why discrimination occurs and managing negativity – shouting, inappropriate language – sexualised, swearing, slang, derogative remarks or comments, smoking/drinking onsite, not securing children in vehicles.These are times when it is important for someone to speak up in an appropriate manner usually a room supervisor/ unit head/ deputy or manager would handle these situations in my setting so as a nursery assistant we may only be required to say we need to speak to our superiors a moment. By alerting colleagues and maybe identify training opportunities that offer experience for dealing with conflict, diffusion and calming situations so that you avoid any possibility of feeling you ever need to confront someone who was behaving angrily and risk escalating an incident.When challenging parents we must always be professional and remain calm, be able to identify the reason why the parent is being challenged i. e. stereotypical thoughts being expressed. In my setting as I mentioned my superiors would handle these situations so they would initiate the discussion with the parent/carer as they would have the authority to speak more professionally with parents on issues. On the other side of the coin speaking to the person on the receiving end of the stereotypical comments from the parent/car e to show that the setting is supporting them and that they condone the negative attitude made towards them.Be aware that not all situations require involvement and consideration of the parents/carers situations must be taken into consideration i. e. a parent may be ill and the other parent maybe a care so devoting as much time to their child as they would like may not be possible so it would be wrong to put them in a position where they feel they are be judged. | | | | | | | Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 3 ac1 Identify key features of expected patterns of child development Appendix 1 cross referenced from Unit 022Outcome 3 ac2 The age group I have chosen to discuss is children aged 2-5 years as this is my favoured age group. By the time a child is 2 years old they are strong individuals, they know what they do and don’t want to do and are very keen to do things for themselves and be as independent as possible. At this age the children are physically, now walking confidently and are running and climbing too. When children reach 2 years old they become increasingly socially aware of other children and although they do not specifically ‘play together’, children of this age enjoy playing next to other children.Mildred Parten discusses play stages Repetition is strong à ¢â‚¬â€œ schema, children develop favourite games and activities played again and again. Their cognitive development now enables them to complete basic jigsaw puzzles and they enjoy building with bricks. Role play is also mentioned by Parten 2 year olds frequently chat out loud and their vocabulary now consists of around 200 words. By the time children are 2 ? independence is extremely important. They are anxious to do more things for themselves and often get frustrated when they find they can’t, which leads to temper tantrums developing.They often find it hard to understand why they need to wait for things and cannot always have what they want or to do what they want. Their physical skills are also developing well – they are now able to pedal a tricycle or push it along using their feet. Socially, children now start to play alongside – parallel, with other children, often copying what the other children are doing – mimicking or immitating. When children a re 3 years old, tantrums start to decrease, as instead of them showing they are not happy, they can now tell us.Their speech is now easily understood 3 year olds are now beginning to understand the needs of others and are now able to play socially with other children. They are able to cooperate and sharing becomes easier for them. Children also find it easier at this age to separate from their parents, as they understand that their parents will be coming back again. Physically, they can now walk upstairs using alternate feet. E. g. – when walking up the steps of a slide so require less support to carry out basic tasks.Children’s at this age cognitive skills are more developed and they are interested in mark-making, such as, drawing, painting, chalking etc†¦ and also enjoy looking at and having books read to them which is an activity the children in my setting love. By the time children reach the age of 4 years old their speech should be easily understood, even by adults who do not know them and the children enjoy talking and asking questions on important issues to them and general issues. My daughter is 4 and she enjoys spending time with other children and has strong connections with her friends.Independence is also developing well, with most children now able to feed themselves and get themselves dressed i. e. my daughter picks her outfit every morning she also loves art activities painting, colouring and gluing and sticking pictures so her motor skills are very good she is also being taught guitar so her fine motor skills and coordination will develop. In my experience children of this age has a good level of concentration when actively involved in an interesting activity. When children reach the age of 5, their physical development starts to slow down and they acquire more confidence and coordination.Their physical development skills now enable them to kick and control a ball, while their handwriting becomes easier to read and moves away from the stage of basic mark making. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 3 ac3The age group I work with range between the ages 16 months to 24. The initial strategy to support parents in meeting the needs of their children is to take onboard the knowledge and information they provide me with in relation to their child as and individual.Through identifying the activities children enjoy in my setting which are facilitating their development such as the use of shape sorters (awareness of shapes, motor skills and concentration). Through recording and communicating how their child has been and what they have been doing in the daily record book parents become aware of the activities that are helping with their children’s development i. e. a child recently in my setting went from getting really frustrated with jigsaw puzzles to sitting and putting them together.I mentioned to his mum before Christmas time that he enjoyed working at the jigsaws b ut got frustrated she agreed he did the same at home and got him some at Christmas. A month or two later he now enjoys jigsaws and works through two or three after each other. So through communicating his frustration with an activity he enjoyed his parent responded and his emotionally, intellectual development have now benefited. In my setting, we also Inviting feedback from parents – ask for their ideas, suggestions to involve them to involve them more to.Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children’s needs Outcome 3 ac4 Explain and demonstrate strategies for meeting the support needs of parents of a specified age group of children. As I mentioned in the previous assessment criteria I work with children aged 16 to 24 months. The National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services establishes clear standards for promoting the health and well-being of children and young people and for providing high quality services which meet their needs. Their ideal is that they want to see: Parents or carers who are confident and able to bring up their children in a way that promotes positive health and development and emotional wellbeing. * Consistent information provided for parents or carers, which supports them in their role and is responsive to their needs. * Appropriate help and support provided for parents or carers who find it hard to access services and professionals. In my setting we are very open to parents and they feel comfortable talking to us regarding their children’s care, learning and development.An extract I found online provides a good list of good practice. Markers of Good Practice 1. Multi-agency working to support parenting is outlined in any local strategic and service plans. 2. Information and services to support parenting (by both mothers and fathers and carers) are available and coordinated through local multi-agency partnerships. 3. Support for all parents with pre-school children is available fro m early years settings including nurseries, Sure Start local programmes and Children's Centres. 4.Parents whose children are experiencing difficulties (for example, because of learning disabilities and/or difficulties or challenging behaviour) receive early support and evidence-based interventions; requirements for local provision are identified in strategic planning. 5. Collaborative arrangements are in place between services for adults and those for children and families to ensure effective joint assessment and support/treatment to enhance parent's parenting capacity and protect and promote the well-being and welfare of children. . Adults caring for looked after children have early, accessible, multidisciplinary support. 7. Primary Care Trusts and Local Authorities ensure that local parents are involved in the planning and delivery of services, with representation from all local communities and groups. In my setting we encourage and motivate parents through mentioning how well the ir children are behaving to show them that they are doing alright and coping as some parents may feel they aren’t coping.With the age group I work with we tell parents what their children are doing differently in our setting although we are not allowed to discuss any firsts such as walking or talking as parents may be upset to miss out on these special times. If parents ask for support we always strive to help them as best we can i. e. behaviour issues with a child in my room with biting kept recurring we explained that we asked him to apologise and hug the other child and play somewhere else in the room to remove him form the situation and the person.The parent was happy with this and said they did the same when he bit a cousin and through the consistence between the nursery and at home he finally stopped biting to the delight of his parents as they became embarrassed when his name was in the incident book for the same issue. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their Children ’s needs Outcome 3 ac4 In our setting we provide assistance with fees and provide discount for multiples of children, we also take child care vouchers to subsidise cost as nursery fees are not always manageable which can be a weight of parents minds.Again in relation to the children in my setting we have had a situation when a parent required support as they were worried their child wasn’t walking by 18 months and wasn’t showing any indications of trying, he then showed a curve on his back which his mother and father were really concerned about. On the parent mentioning this to us we spoke to our Deputy Manager who spoke to the child’s mother and gave the number of a good Chiropractor who could check the child out and give them advice.After an appointment they were reassured the child was just doing things in their own time and they were curling up rather than their back being in that shape which was happy news. In that situation the needs of the parents were met and they were very appreciative. Unit 110 Work with Parents to meet their children’s needs Outcome 4 ac1 In my setting I frequently discuss children’s progress and development i. e. the child is getting, more, steady walking or they are started to feed themselves more with minimal assistance. A recent example is of a new child in my setting who refuses to feed himself.Both myself and my colleague have tried putting food on the spoon and guiding him them putting food on the spoon and leaving it for him to try resulting in him just looking at us even with us encouraging his independence. In this situation we asked his mum if he fed himself at home and we were able to discover that his parents where trying him with different textures and he mainly uses his hands, we also found out that they give him yoghurts with a spoon and he tries to use it but its a bit messy. Having asked his parents we are now able to continue trying to encourage him with a spoon and this w ill reinforce his learning to use it at home.

A Scientist, By Aldous Huxley - 848 Words

When thinking of a scientist, the visual that often comes to mind would be that of a curious, patient individual slaving away in a sterile environment. Scientists are often viewed by society as quite droll, but in reality, they must be incredibly creative and intuitive in order to make scientific discoveries. Children around the world often dream of making remarkable scientific discoveries, although for some, unfortunate circumstances prevent them from working in scientific laboratories. Whether it be due to a major illness or a physical defect, many inspired adolescents are kept from their true passion, due to the demands of the field. These individuals are often forced into much less favorable professions, but still retain the analytical mind of a prospective scientist. However, those lucky few who are allowed to express their scientific interests through their alternate occupations, typically novelists, often portray idealistic societies which have been driven forward by scientifi c advances. One such disgruntled novelist, Aldous Huxley, allows his creativity to flourish through his work, spouting a myriad of technological advancements which have allowed society to become utopian. In Brave New World, author Aldous Huxley presents the reader with a fanciful tale of scientific conquest and social upheaval, which ultimately degrades his reputation as a credible scientist. Aldous Huxley, unlike many of his peers, was born into a highly prominent family of intellectuals. HisShow MoreRelatedAldous Huxley : Accomplished Literary Figure1432 Words   |  6 PagesAldous Huxley:Accomplished Literary Figure â€Å"If one s different, one’s bound to be lonely†-Huxley How the public collectively interacts has been a worldwide subject striking the interest of many. 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